Fentanyl hund zulassung

At the time, key agencies, such as the Drug Enforcement Administration, said they had adequate tools to deal with fentanyl.

A person with opioid use disorder has an increased risk of overdose. This dependence can sometimes lead to addiction. The policy heavily centers on maximum-strength and unprecedented supply-side measures, such as lethal military strikes against alleged drug boats in the Caribbean and the Pacific and the designation of now 15 criminal groups in Latin America as “foreign terrorist organizations.” These moves have coincided with decisions by the administration to gut funding for treatment and harm reduction and resurrect obstacles to access to treatment.

The legal code and international treaties

The primary U.S.

legal statute pertaining to the use of weapons of mass destruction is 18 U.S. Code § 2332a, which criminalizes the use, attempt to use, and conspiracy to use or threaten a WMD against people within the United States, U.S. nationals outside the United States, U.S. property abroad, and in circumstances that affect interstate or foreign commerce.

The volume and frequency of dealing on U.S. streets overwhelm law enforcement resources.

Moreover, even for the DHS, it is unclear how the law enforcement prioritization that normally follows such a designation will mesh with the Trump administration’s focus on arresting and deporting undocumented migrants.

Illegally manufactured fentanyl can many other drugs.

It is legally manufactured and distributed in the United States. There is little clarity so far as to how the Trump administration intends to use the WMD designation. According to the National Forensic Laboratory Information System - National Estimates Based on All Reports estimates, reports on fentanyl (both pharmaceutical and clandestinely produced) increased from 4,697 in 2014 to over 117,045 in 2020, as reported by federal, state, and local forensic laboratories in the United States.

What is the Effect on the Body?

Fentanyl, similar to other commonly used opioid analgesics (e.g., morphine), produces effects such as relaxation, euphoria, pain relief, sedation, confusion, drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, urinary retention, pupillary constriction, and respiratory depression.

What are the Overdose Effects?

Overdose may result in stupor, changes in pupillary size, cold and clammy skin, cyanosis, coma, and respiratory failure leading to death.

The Sinaloa Cartel and the Cartel de Jalisco Nueva Generación (CJNG) are the principal traffickers of fentanyl to the United States.

Yet many dealers are, in fact, drug users themselves, such as high school and college kids, who give some of their own contaminated drug supply to their friends, who then overdose. Under 18 U.S.

Code § 2331, the possession and use of a WMD can be classified as domestic terrorism if the intent is:

1. To intimidate or coerce a civilian population.
2. To influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion.
3. To affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination, or kidnapping.

The lack of detailed specification in the Trump administration’s executive order as to what fentanyl precursors are designated as WMDs is perhaps meant to avoid the perennial problem of drug trafficking networks altering the chemical formulas to circumvent scheduling.

Soon, they were lobbying the Trump and then the Biden administration to make the designation. It comes in various forms, including liquid and powder. Consistent with overdose death data, the trafficking, distribution, and misuse of illicitly produced fentanyl and fentanyl analogs positively correlates with the associated dramatic increase in overdose fatalities.

Common Street Names

Apache, China Girl, China Town, Dance Fever, Friend, Goodfellas, Great Bear, He-Man,Jackpot, King Ivory, Murder 8, and Tango & Cash.

What Does It Look Like?

Clandestinely produced fentanyl is encountered either as a powder or in fake tablets and is sold alone or in combination with other drugs such as heroin or cocaine.

Fentanyl pharmaceutical products are currently available in the following dosage forms: oral transmucosal lozenges commonly referred to as fentanyl “lollipops” (Actiq®), effervescent buccal tablets (Fentora®), sublingual tablets (Abstral®), sublingual sprays (Subsys®), nasal sprays (Lazanda®), transdermal patches (Duragesic®), and injectable formulations.

How Is It Used?

Fentanyl can be injected, snorted/sniffed, smoked, taken orally by pill or tablet, and spiked onto blotter paper.

An extreme measure would be for the Trump administration to militarily target container ships, where fentanyl precursors are often hidden among legal cargo. The total number of overdose deaths for this category was greater than 258,000 for 2013 through 2021. It can cause harm or death to people with opioid use disorders or who may have accidental exposure to the drug.

But it sets up a basis for more military counternarcotics actions abroad and intensified criminalization of drug dealing and use at home.

Why now?

The first Trump administration initially had the idea to designate fentanyl as a WMD, but internal pushback halted that move. In line with our values and policies, each Brookings publication represents the sole views of its author(s).